Defence Pivot: India Turns to Europe for $14 Billion Military Projects
The Trump administration’s aggressive economic leverage has forced India to pivot to trusted European partners for its high-stakes submarine and next-generation fighter jet projects. This strategic move is expected to bolster India’s indigenous defence capabilities and reduce dependence on the US.
Project 75-I and Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft
The move comes as India moves forward with the next-generation Project 75-I, which looks to develop and manufacture six submarines of Kalvari Class for the Indian Navy, and the fifth-generation Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft project, both projects expected to induct the machines by 2035. Two key components are essential for these projects — Air Independent Propulsion Systems in submarines and 120KN Engines for the fifth-generation aircraft.
India will collaborate with the Germans and French to ensure that these marquee projects are implemented as per timelines. The agreement will be executed between Safran and DRDO’s arm GTRE (Gas Turbine Research Establishment). Both the projects, valued at over $14 billion, will see indigenous development of submarine and aircraft with an elevated level of domestic content and collaboration with Indian companies in the manufacturing of the systems in India, including transfer of technology and using India as an export market for global orders.
Collaboration with Russia and Nuclear Submarines
India will also be building two nuclear submarines under Project 77 under the strategic submarine category in collaboration with its trusted ally Russia. This project is worth over Rs 40,000 crore. While nuclear submarines do not require Air Independent Propulsion as they have a constant source of power that allows continuous recharge of batteries, unlike conventional submarines that require surfacing to recharge batteries and are equipped with Air Independent Propulsion systems, the AIP will allow the submarines to stay undersea for longer periods.
Pivot from US and Safeguarding Indigenous Development
The moving away from the US for engine technology is seen as a pivot by India to safeguard its indigenous development program for next-generation aircraft against any geopolitical roadblock imposed by the US against India. The recent aggressive economic leverage that has been imposed by the US on India for Russian oil is seen as a big deterrent against any collaboration in these high-stakes defence projects.
India has faced frequent delays from the US when it comes to engine and other technologies during the development of the LCA project. The Indian Navy is looking at additional submarines under P-75, and six P-75-I submarines contract to be signed in this fiscal year. Project 75I is a program by the Indian Navy to acquire six diesel-electric attack submarines with advanced features like Air Independent Propulsion, aiming to enhance indigenous submarine building capabilities.
Mazagon Docks and Transfer of Technology
These projects will go to Mazagon Docks. Both these projects are expected to increase the order book for Mazagon Docks from Rs 32,000 crore to Rs 1.25 lakh crore. Mazagon has already enhanced its shipbuilding capacity to build 11 submarines and ten major warships simultaneously.
Mazagon’s collaboration with ThyssenKrupp for the P-75-I project will see a significant amount of transfer of technology and indigenisation. The contours of the contract with ThyssenKrupp will significantly transfer technology in the design and construction of these conventional submarines and thereby allowing the Mazagon Docks to service such in-service submarines and construct future submarines in India for global markets.
Indigenous Content and Engine Dependency
The indigenous content in Project 75-I will be more than 60%, much higher than the Scorpene Class project or Project 75. The bigger blow to the US companies is on the engine for its next-generation aircraft – AMCA. India has decided to go with Safran over UK’s Rolls Royce and American GE for engine dependency.
GE is supplying GE 404 engines for the LCA Mk-1Alpha and GE 414 engines for LCA Mk2 aircraft that are expected to go into production in the next two years. Currently, India is in the finalising phase for its prototype for LCA Mk2. The prototype is expected to be tested in the first half of 2026. While it is expected that the initial AMCA flights will involve GE-414 engines, it will transition to Safran engines subsequently.
Safeguarding National Security Interest
The $7 billion dollar deal will see Safran transfer 100% technology for design, developing, testing, and production of 120 kilonewtons engines for AMCA and future platforms. Safran is already producing engines for the Indian defence helicopters in India.
India is looking at safeguarding its national security interest by ensuring that it is fully hedged against any aggressive leverage by any country when it comes to the manufacturing of critical components involving high-stakes future security projects. This strategic pivot towards European partners is expected to bolster India’s defence capabilities and reduce dependence on the US, while also promoting indigenous development and technological advancements.
As India continues to navigate the complex landscape of global geopolitics, its defence sector is poised for significant growth and development. With a focus on indigenous development and strategic partnerships, India is well on its way to becoming a major player in the global defence industry.
Conclusion
In conclusion, India’s pivot towards European partners for its high-stakes defence projects is a strategic move that aims to promote indigenous development, reduce dependence on the US, and safeguard national security interests. With a focus on technological advancements and strategic partnerships, India is poised to become a major player in the global defence industry.
